The Etruscan Tuscania
Dice Revisited
By Polat Kaya
Etruscan numerals written on Tuscania Dice
The
Etruscan numerals shown on the so-called “Tuscania Dice”
have been read
as
shown in the table below:
1 2
3 4
5
6
1968 Olzscha
thu
zal
ci huth
makh
sa
1969 Pfiffig thu zal
ci
sa
makh huth
1983 Bonfante thu zal ci
sa
makh huth
1984 Pallottino
thu
zal
ci huth (sa?)
makh sa (huth?)
1989
Rix
thu
zal
ci huth
makh
sa
1990 Pittau thu zal ci
huth makh sa
1991 Morandi thu zal ci
huth
makh sa
List is
from http://www.pittau.it/Etrusco/Studi/dadi.html
***
My reading of the Etruscan numeral
names written on the Tuscania Dice differs radically
from the ones
shown in
above list. They are as follows:
Numeral: 1
2
3
4 5
6
Etruscan
pr
(pir) ci (ki)
zal maok
isha huti (hlti)
Turkish
bir
(pir)
iki üç
dört
beş altı
The numeral
1 which other readers have read as “thu”, I read as
“pir”
since the
Etruscan name appears more like a PR rather than a ThU.
Additionally,
we have a good
reference in
terms of the Latin term PRIMUS
for the ordinal
numeral name for "one".
The Latin ordinal numeral name is given as PRIMUS,
http://ablemedia.com/ctcweb/showcase/wordsonline.html
When this word is rearranged as PRIMSU, we find
that it is an
altered
and restructured form of the Turkish word BİRİNCİ
meaning the "first".
The root word for these Latin and Turkish words is the
Turkish
numeral name BİR (PİR)
meaning "one"
- contrary to the distraction caused
by the artificial restructuring of the Turkish word.
Turkish BİR
(PİR) has been
intentionally altered into "Aryan" PRI.
Similarly, the Latin term INPRIMIS is also defined
as "in
the first
place, first, chiefly; especially, above all, more
than any other".
Another form of this Latin word is also given as IMPRIMIS.
When this Latin term INPRIMIS is rearranged as "PIRINSIM",
we find
that it is the altered, restructured and Romanized form of
the Turkish
word "BİRİNCİyİM"
meaning "I
am the first, I am in the first place, I
am chief, I am the top, I am above all". So
this so-called
"Latin"
word is also totally made up from Turkish and hidden into
another
disguised format. Thus the Latin term INPRIMIS is
a reformation of
a
Turkish word that existed before the Latin Language ever existed!
Again the root
for this Latin word is the Turkish word "BİR"
meaning "one".
Like these Latin words, there are other similar terms such
as the Latin
word PRINCEPS (or PRINCIPIS) meaning "first,
foremost,
leading,
chief, front" which is made up from Turkish "BİRİNCİ PAŞ" meaning "the
first
head, the first one, the leading one, the chief, the
front
one"; or the Latin word PRIMITUS
meaning "first,
for the first time"
which is also fabricated from Turkish word PİRİNCiTU
meaning "it
is the first; it is for the first time".
So, in view of all these revelations, it is reasonable to
think that
the Etruscan numeral for "one" was also
Turkish BİR (PİR, PR).
After
all, the Etruscans were TURANIAN Tur/Turk/Oguz peoples
themselves!
***
I read the Etruscan numeral name "ci" as the name
of the
numeral "two"
which is İKİ in Turkish. For this let
us
examine the makeup of the the Latin name for ordinal
number "two". In this regard the following Latin
words are given: "secundus, secundum,
secundi,
secundissimus and secundissimum" which all have the
meaning of
"second". http://ablemedia.com/ctcweb/showcase/wordsonline.html
a) The Latin word SECUNDUS, rearranged as (=>)
"ECUNSSDU",
is the
altered and restructured form of the
Turkish ordinal numeral name "İKİNCİDU"
meaning "it is the second".
b)
The Latin word SECUNDUM, => "ECUNSS-DUM",
is from
Turkish ordinal
numeral name "İKİNCİ iDUM"
meaning
"I was the second".
c)
The Latin word SECUNDIOR,
=> "ICENSUDOR", is from Turkish ordinal numeral
name "İKİNCİDUR"
meaning "it is the second".
d)
The Latin word SECUNDISSUMUS,
=> "ICUNSUDU-ESMS-S", is from Turkish
expression "İSMİ İKİNCİDU"
meaning "its name is second".
e)
The Latin word SECUNDISSIMUM,
=> "ICINSUDU-ESMSM", is from Turkish ordinal
numeral name "İKİNCİDU
İSMUM" meaning "my name is 'the second'",
that
is, "I am the second
from
top".
Thus, again we see that all of these so-called "Latin"
names are
manufactured from Turkish words
and expressions, and the root word for them all is the
Turkish cardinal
numeral name İKİ
meaning "two".
So, in view of all these revelations, it is reasonable to
think that
the Etruscan numeral "ci" was also the same as the
Turkish numeral
name İKİ
meaning "two". After all, the Etruscans
were TURANIAN
Tur/Turk/Oguz
peoples themselves. With this, I say the Etruscan numeral
name CI (KI)
is
actually from Turkish İKİ.
***
In the case of number "three": the Latin word TERCI, meaning "three",
rearranged as "ICTER", is the altered and
restructured form of the
Turkish ordinal numeral name "ÜÇTER"
meaning "it is three".
Similarly, the Latin word TRES,
rearranged as "ESTR",
is
the altered and restructured form of the
Turkish ordinal numeral name "ÜÇTER" (ÜŞTER)
meaning "it is three".
Thus, the Latin numeral names "TERCI" and "TRES"
meaning "three" are also
manufactured from Turkish!
The Latin numeral
name QUATTUOR,
rearranged as "AUQU-TORT", is the
altered and restructured form of the
Turkish ordinal numeral name "OKU
DÖRT"
meaning "read it as 'four'".
Similarly, the Latin word QUATRIDUUM, meaning "a period
of four
days", [in the four days
from now, within four day of], rearranged as "DURT-GUM-UIA",
is
the altered and restructured form of the
Turkish expression "DÖRT GÜN
ÖYİ"
meaning "house of four days", that
is, "in four days". Turkish word DÖRT
means "four", GÜN means "day",
ÖYİ
means "house; inside".
The Latin word QUINQUE
means "five"
and
QUINQUEAGINTA means "fifty".
First, the Latin word QUINQUEAGINTA,
meaning "fifty", rearranged as "EQI-UGUN-QATI-AN", is
the
altered and
restructured form of the
Turkish mathematical expression "İKİ-ÜÇÜN
KATI
ON" meaning "two plus
three times ten" which is of course, "(2+3)
x 10 = 50". This
shows
that Roman linguists fabricated this so-called "Latin"
word QUINQUEAGINTA meaning
"fifty"
using
a Turkish mathematical expression as the source
text and sold it to the
public as if it
was an original word of an "Aryan" language representing
the number 50. They then chopped the first seven letters
(i.e., QUINQUE) of this long
word QUINQUEAGINTA and defined QUINQUE
as representing
"five". By this trick, the shorter
construct QUINQUE artificially
became the "root" of the word
QUINQUEAGINTA - when in
actuality, QUINQUEAGINTA was the root
word and QUINQUE was derived
from it.
I must point out that the Greeks have also done similar
tricks in
generating their numeral names from Turkish!
The Latin term SEX or SEXTUS means "six"
and the word SEXAGINTA means
"sixty".
The Latin word SEXAGINTA,
meaning "sixty", has the
bogus letter X in it - which is actually a
replacement for letter
combinations of EKS or IKS or KIS.
When the X in the word SEXAGINTA
is replaced with KIS, it
becomes SEKISAGINTA . And
when SEKISAGINTA is
rearranged as "EKI-ISS-QAT-AN", we
find
that the
word SEKISAGINTA is the altered,
restructured and Romanized form of the
Turkish mathematical expression "İKİ-ÜÇ
KAT
ON" meaning "two-three
times ten" which of course is, "2x3x10 =
60".
Again, this shows that Romans made this
so-called
"Latin" word SEXAGINTA (meaning "sixty")
from
a Turkish mathematical expression and sold it to
the public as if it was an original word of the Latin
language. They
then chopped the first three letters (i.e., SEX) of this long
word SEXAGINTA and
defined SEX as representing
"six". By this trick, the shorter construct
SEX artificially
became the "root" of
the word SEXAGINTA - when in
actuality, SEXAGINTA was the root
word and SEX was derived
from it.
Up to here, I showed how the so-called "Latin" numeral
names from
one
to six were fabricated from Turkish. It is possible
that Etruscans were
influenced by the Romans and the Greeks in altering their
numerals as
well.
***
About the pairing of numerals on dice faces:
Etruscan dice, like most other dice, is six faced, and
pairing numbers on opposite die faces, may have been in
accordance with the
mathematical rule that the sum of the opposite face
numeral pairs equal seven (i.e., 1 & 6, 2 & 5, and
3
& 4). If the die was
eight faced, than the pairing of numbers would be 1 &
8, 2 & 7, 3 & 6, and 4 & 5 where opposite
faces add up to 9.
So this
mathematical rule continues in this manner as the faces of
a die is
increased. Using such a rule would be preferable to
randomly numbering the faces of a die. Of course, in a
non-loaded
dice, the probability of any number coming up is the same
- whether
this mathematical rule is used or not.
In addition to this mathematical rule, additionally, they
could
have considered the following interesting expression in
pairing one
and six together on a die.
In Turkish, when we write BİR and ALTI
(1 and 6) side by side, most likely we would think of the
numbers 1 and 6.
But, when we write "BİR ALTI" in
a religious context, it could be taken as a Turkish saying
meaning "God is
One", or
"Red is One" or "God is AL" (God is Sun). It is likely
that the numbers one and six were paired
together on opposite faces because of this
subtle religious sense as well.
In view of this consideration, when the Etruscan numeral
names PiR
and HUTI
(HULTI) are paired, we find that it becomes very
much like the
Turkish
saying of "BİR O'TI"
meaning "He is
One", "BIR UTU" meaning "One
Sun-God", "BİR OD O"
meaning "it is One Fire" and "BİR
HUDA" meaning "One God".
All of these
expressions are descriptive of the ancient Sky-God and the
Sun-God
definitions of Turanians. It is very likely that this was
the same for
the
Etruscans as well since they, too, were Turanian
Tur/Turk/Oguz peoples!
In view of all these explanations, I say that the Etruscan
numerals on
the Tuscanian die are "1 and 6" (PiR and HUTI or HuLTI),
"2 and 5" (CI
(iki) and ISHA (besh)) and "3 and 4" (ZAL and MAK (maok)).
Polat Kaya
26/11/2011