By Polat Kaya
Etruscan numerals written on Tuscania Dice
The Etruscan numerals shown on the so-called “Tuscania Dice” have been read as shown in the table below:
1 2
3 4 5 6
1968 Olzscha thu
zal ci huth makh sa
1969 Pfiffig thu
zal ci sa
makh huth
1983 Bonfante thu
zal ci sa makh huth
1984 Pallottino thu
zal ci huth (sa?) makh sa (huth?)
1989 Rix thu
zal ci huth makh sa
1990 Pittau thu
zal ci huth makh sa
1991 Morandi thu
zal ci huth makh sa
List is from http://www.pittau.it/Etrusco/Studi/dadi.html
***
My reading of the Etruscan numeral names written on the Tuscania Dice differs radically from the ones shown in above list. They are as follows:
Numeral:
1 2
3 4 5 6
Etruscan pr (pir)
ci (ki) zal maok isha huti (hlti)
Turkish bir (pir) iki üç dört beş altı
The numeral 1 which other readers have read as “thu”, I read as “pir” since the
Etruscan name appears more like a PR rather than a ThU. Additionally, we have a
good reference in terms of the Latin term PRIMUS for the ordinal numeral
name for "one".
The Latin ordinal numeral name is given as PRIMUS, http://ablemedia.com/ctcweb/showcase/wordsonline.html
When this word is rearranged as PRIMSU,
we find that it is an altered and restructured form of the Turkish word BİRİNCİ meaning
the"first". The root word for these Latin and Turkish words is the
Turkish numeral name BİR
(PİR) meaning "one" - contrary
to the distraction caused by the artificial restructuring of the Turkish word.
Turkish BİR
(PİR) has
been intentionally altered into "Aryan" PRI.
Similarly, the Latin term INPRIMIS is
also defined as "in the first
place, first, chiefly; especially, above all, more than any other".
Another form of this Latin word is also given as IMPRIMIS.
When this Latin term INPRIMIS is
rearranged as "PIRINSIM", we
find that it is the altered, restructured and Romanized form of the Turkish word "BİRİNCİyİM" meaning "I
am the first, I am in the first place, I am chief, I am the top, I am above all".
So this so-called "Latin" word is also totally made up from Turkish and hidden
into another disguised format. Thus the Latin term INPRIMIS is
a reformation of a Turkish word that existed before the Latin Language ever
existed! Again the root for this Latin word is the Turkish word"BİR" meaning "one".
Like these Latin words, there are other similar terms such as the Latin word PRINCEPS (or PRINCIPIS)
meaning "first, foremost,
leading, chief, front" which
is made up from Turkish "BİRİNCİ
PAŞ" meaning "the
first head, the first one, the leading one, the chief, the front one";
or the Latin word PRIMITUS meaning "first,
for the first time" which is
also fabricated from Turkish wordPİRİNCiTU meaning "it
is the first; it is for the first time".
So, in view of all these revelations, it is reasonable to think that the
Etruscan numeral for "one" was
also Turkish BİR
(PİR, PR). After all, the Etruscans were TURANIAN Tur/Turk/Oguz
peoples themselves!
I read the Etruscan numeral name "ci" as
the name of the numeral "two" which
is İKİ in Turkish. For
this let us examine the makeup of the the Latin name for ordinal number "two".
In this regard the following Latin words are given: "secundus,
secundum, secundi, secundissimus and secundissimum" which
all have the meaning of "second". http://ablemedia.com/ctcweb/showcase/wordsonline.html
a) The Latin word SECUNDUS,
rearranged as (=>) "ECUNSSDU",
is the altered and restructured form of the Turkish ordinal numeral name "İKİNCİDU" meaning "it
is the second".
b) The Latin word SECUNDUM,
=> "ECUNSS-DUM", is from
Turkish ordinal numeral name "İKİNCİ
iDUM" meaning "I
was the second".
c) The Latin word SECUNDIOR,
=> "ICENSUDOR", is from
Turkish ordinal numeral name "İKİNCİDUR" meaning "it
is the second".
d) The Latin word SECUNDISSUMUS,
=> "ICUNSUDU-ESMS-S", is from
Turkish expression "İSMİ
İKİNCİDU" meaning "its
name is second".
e) The Latin word SECUNDISSIMUM,
=> "ICINSUDU-ESMSM", is from
Turkish ordinal numeral name "İKİNCİDU
İSMUM"meaning "my name is
'the second'", that is, "I
am the second from top".
Thus, again we see that all of these so-called "Latin" names are manufactured
from Turkish words
and expressions, and the root word for them all is the Turkish cardinal numeral
name İKİ meaning "two".
So, in view of all these revelations, it is reasonable to think that the
Etruscan numeral "ci" was
also the same as the Turkish numeral name İKİ meaning "two".
After all, the Etruscans were TURANIAN Tur/Turk/Oguz peoples themselves. With
this, I say the Etruscan numeral name CI (KI) is
actually from Turkish İKİ.
In the case of number "three": the Latin word TERCI,
meaning "three",
rearranged as "ICTER", is the
altered and restructured form of the Turkish ordinal numeral name "ÜÇTER" meaning "it
is three".
Similarly, the
Latin word TRES, rearranged as "ESTR",
is the altered and restructured form of the Turkish ordinal numeral name"ÜÇTER"
(ÜŞTER) meaning "it
is three".
Thus, the Latin numeral names "TERCI" and "TRES" meaning "three" are
also manufactured from Turkish!
The Latin numeral name QUATTUOR,
rearranged as "AUQU-TORT",
is the altered and restructured form of the Turkish ordinal numeral name "OKU
DÖRT" meaning "read
it as 'four'".
Similarly, the Latin word QUATRIDUUM,
meaning "a
period of four days", [in
the four days from now, within four day of],rearranged as "DURT-GUM-UIA",
is the altered and restructured form of the Turkish expression "DÖRT
GÜN ÖYİ" meaning "house
of four days", that is, "in
four days". Turkish word DÖRT means "four", GÜN means "day", ÖYİ means "house;
inside".
The Latin word QUINQUE means "five" and QUINQUEAGINTA means "fifty".
First, the Latin word QUINQUEAGINTA, meaning "fifty", rearranged
as "EQI-UGUN-QATI-AN",
is the altered and restructured form of the Turkish mathematical expression "İKİ-ÜÇÜN
KATI ON" meaning "two
plus three times ten" which
is of course, "(2+3) x 10 = 50".
This shows that Roman linguists fabricated this so-called "Latin" word QUINQUEAGINTA meaning "fifty" using
a Turkish mathematical expression as
the source text and
sold it to the public as if it was an original word of an "Aryan" language
representing the number 50. They then chopped the first seven letters (i.e., QUINQUE) of
this long word QUINQUEAGINTA and
defined QUINQUEas representing "five".
By this trick, the shorter construct QUINQUE artificially
became the "root" of
the word QUINQUEAGINTA -
when in actuality, QUINQUEAGINTA was
the root word and QUINQUE was
derived from it.
I must point out that the Greeks havealso done
similar tricks in generating their numeral names from Turkish!
The Latin term SEX or SEXTUS means "six" and
the word SEXAGINTA means "sixty".
The Latin word SEXAGINTA, meaning "sixty", has
the bogus letter X in
it - which is actually a replacement for letter combinations ofEKS or IKS or KIS.
When the X in the word SEXAGINTA is
replaced with KIS, it becomes SEKISAGINTA .
And whenSEKISAGINTA is
rearranged as "EKI-ISS-QAT-AN",
we find that the word SEKISAGINTA is
the altered, restructured and Romanized form of the Turkish mathematical
expression "İKİ-ÜÇ
KAT ON" meaning "two-three
times ten" which of course
is,"2x3x10 = 60".
Again, this shows that Romans made this so-called "Latin" word SEXAGINTA (meaning "sixty")
from a Turkish mathematical expression and sold it to the public as if it was an
original word of the Latin language. They then chopped the first three letters
(i.e., SEX)of this long word SEXAGINTA and
defined SEX as
representing "six". By
this trick, the shorter construct SEX artificially
became the"root" of
the word SEXAGINTA -
when in actuality, SEXAGINTA was
the root word and SEX was
derived from it.
Up to here, I showed how the so-called "Latin" numeral names from one to six
were fabricated from Turkish. It is possible that Etruscans were influenced by
the Romans and the Greeks in altering their numerals as well.
About the pairing of numerals on dice faces:
Etruscan dice, like most other dice, is six faced, and pairing numbers on
opposite die faces, may have been in accordance with the mathematical rule that
the sum of the opposite face numeral pairs equal seven (i.e., 1 & 6, 2 & 5, and
3 & 4). If the die was eight faced, than the pairing of numbers would be 1 & 8,
2 & 7, 3 & 6, and 4 & 5 where opposite faces add up to 9. So this mathematical
rule continues in this manner as the faces of a die is increased. Using such a
rule would be preferable to randomly numbering the faces of a die. Of course,
in a non-loaded dice, the probability of any number coming up is the same -
whether this mathematical rule is used or not.
In addition to this mathematical rule, additionally, they could have considered
the following interesting expression in pairing one and six together on a die.
In Turkish, when we write BİR and ALTI (1
and 6) side by side, most likely we would think of the numbers 1 and 6. But,
when we write"BİR ALTI" in
a religious context, it could be taken as a Turkish saying meaning "God
is One", or "Red is One" or "God
is AL" (God is Sun). It is likely that the numbers one and six were paired
together on opposite faces because of
this subtle religious sense as well.
In view of this consideration, when the Etruscan numeral names PiR and HUTI
(HULTI) are paired, we find that
it becomes very much like the Turkish saying of "BİR
O'TI" meaning "He
is One", "BIR
UTU" meaning "One
Sun-God", "BİR
OD O" meaning "it
is One Fire" and "BİR
HUDA" meaning "One
God". All of these expressions are descriptive of the ancient Sky-God
and the Sun-God definitions of Turanians. It is very likely that this was the
same for the Etruscans as well since they, too, were Turanian Tur/Turk/Oguz
peoples!
In view of all these explanations, I say that the Etruscan numerals on the
Tuscanian die are "1 and 6" (PiR and HUTI or HuLTI), "2 and 5" (CI (iki) and
ISHA (besh)) and "3 and 4" (ZAL and MAK (maok)).
Polat Kaya
26/11/2011